Clinical Manifestations of Hypokalemia
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چکیده
Cardiovascular Abnormal electrocardiogram Predisposition for digitalis toxicity Atrial ventricular arrhythmias Hypertension Neuromuscular Smooth muscle Constipation/ileus Bladder dysfunction Skeletal muscle Weakness/cramps Tetany Paralysis Myalgias/rhabdomyolysis Renal/electrolyte Functional alterations Decreased glomerular filtration rate Decreased renal blood flow Renal concentrating defect Increased renal ammonia production Chloride wasting Metabolic alkalosis Hypercalciuria Phosphaturia Structural alterations Dilation and vacuolization of proximal tubules Medullary cyst formation Interstitial nephritis Endocrine/metabolic Decreased insulin secretion Carbohydrate intolerance Increased renin Decreased aldosterone Altered prostaglandin synthesis Growth retardation
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